How to Find the Best Tree and Shrub Planting Services in Mendham, Morris County NJ
How to Find the Best Tree and Shrub Planting Services in Mendham, Morris County NJ
When it comes to maintaining the aesthetic appeal of your home or business premises, landscaping plays an integral role. What is the Best Time to Plant Trees and Shrubs in Mendham, Morris County NJ? . Among the many aspects of landscaping, tree and shrub planting is undoubtedly a significant element. Not only do trees and shrubs enhance the overall look of a place, but they also aid in the conservation of the environment. However, the process of planting and maintaining these green beauties can be daunting if you do not possess the correct knowledge and skills. Therefore, it is often beneficial to seek professional help. If you reside in Mendham, Morris County, New Jersey, this article will guide you on how to find the best tree and shrub planting services.
Before diving into the search for the best tree and shrub planting service, it is essential to understand what entails a good service. Experience and expertise, reputation, certification, pricing, and customer service are among the factors that define a good tree and shrub planting service.
Start your search by conducting thorough local research. While there are numerous online platforms that can provide a list of potential services, starting locally is advantageous. Mendham, Morris County, NJ, has a host of professional landscapers who specialize in tree and shrub planting. Get recommendations from neighbors, friends, and family members who have previously sought such services. Personal experiences often give the most honest insights into the quality of service to expect.
Another great resource is online reviews and ratings. Websites like Yelp, Google, and the Better Business Bureau can offer a wealth of information about different service providers in Mendham. Look out for companies with high ratings and positive reviews. However, be cautious of overly positive or overly negative reviews as they could be biased.
Experience and expertise are crucial when it comes to selecting a tree and shrub planting service. The process of planting trees and shrubs is not as straightforward as it might seem. Different plants require different growing conditions, planting techniques, and care. Therefore, a service provider with a team of skilled and experienced arborists would be an ideal choice.
Certification is another factor that cannot be overlooked. Credible tree and shrub planting services should be certified by relevant regulatory bodies. In New Jersey, for instance, look out for certification from the New Jersey Arborists Chapter of the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA). Certification is proof that the service provider adheres to the required standards in their operations.
The cost of the service is also crucial. While you might be tempted to go for the cheapest services, remember that in most cases, you get what you pay for. Its advisable to get quotes from different services and compare them. However, do not compromise the quality of service for cost.
Finally, consider the customer service offered by the potential service providers. A good service should be responsive, friendly, and ready to answer all your questions. They should also be willing to offer after-service support, such as maintenance tips or follow-up services.
Finding the best tree and shrub planting services in Mendham, Morris County, NJ, might seem like a daunting task. However, with the right approach and considerations, you can find a service provider that will meet your needs and enhance the beauty and value of your property.
tree and shrub planting near me mendham morris county nj
Tree planting is the process of transplanting tree seedlings, generally for forestry, land reclamation, or landscaping purposes. It differs from the transplantation of larger trees in arboriculture and from the lower-cost but slower and less reliable distribution of tree seeds. Trees contribute to their environment over long periods of time by improving air quality, climate amelioration, conserving water, preserving soil, and supporting wildlife. During the process of photosynthesis, trees take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen.
In silviculture, the activity is known as "reforestation", or "afforestation," depending on whether the area being planted has recently been forested or not. It involves planting seedlings over an area of land where the forest has been harvested or damaged by fire, disease, or human activity. Trees are planted in many different parts of the world, and strategies may differ widely across nations and regions and among individual reforestation companies. Tree planting is grounded in forest science and, if performed properly, can result in the successful regeneration of a deforested area. However a planted forest rarely replicates the biodiversity and complexity of a natural forest.[1]
Because trees remove carbon dioxide from the air as they grow, tree planting can be used to help limit climate change. Desert greening projects are also motivated by improved biodiversity and reclamation of natural water systems, as well as improved economic and social welfare due to an increased number of jobs in farming and forestry.
A eucalyptus plantation in final stages at Arimalam.
The type of tree planted may have great influence on the environmental outcomes. It is often much more profitable to outside interests to plant fast-growing species, such as eucalyptus, casuarina or pine (e.g., Pinus radiata or Pinus caribaea), even though the environmental and biodiversity benefits of such monoculture plantations are not comparable to native forest, and such offset projects are frequently objects of controversy.[citation needed]
To promote the growth of native ecosystems, many environmentalists advocate only indigenous trees be planted. A practical solution is to plant tough, fast-growing native tree species which begin rebuilding the land. Planting non-invasive trees that assist in the natural return of indigenous species is called "assisted natural regeneration." There are many such species that can be planted, of which about 12 are in widespread use in the US, such as Leucaena leucocephala.[2] Alternatively, farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR), involves farmers preserving trees (not replanting), and is considered to be a more cost-effective method of reforestation than regular tree planting.[citation needed]
The classical silvicultural literature unanimously advocates spring as the time to plant bareroot stock, with lifting and outplanting taking place while the trees are still apparently dormant.[3] This view, in which spring planting is implicit, was epitomized by Toumey and Korstian (1942):[4] "Almost without exception the most favourable time for ... planting is 2 weeks or more before buds [of the planting stock] begin their growth". Soil moisture conditions are generally favourable at the time when the growing season is about to begin, while dormant stock is less subject to mechanical injury and physiological shock.[5]
If the size of the planting program allows, there is little doubt that such scheduling would be advantageous in that it satisfies one, and commonly 2, of the factors essential for success: (1) the use of planting stock that is physiologically capable of responding to a growth environment at planting, and (2) planting when site factors favour tree survival and growth. The 3rd factor a good planting job, and although desirable in all plantings, is probably somewhat less critical in conventional spring plantings than at other times. If, however, a planting program cannot be completed in this way, there are other options: conventional fall planting with fresh-lifted stock; summer planting with fresh-lifted stock; and spring and summer planting with stored spring-lifted or fall-lifted stock.[3]
Conventional spring planting with fresh spring-lifted stock
In the context of regeneration silviculture, "spring", "summer", etc. lack precise meaning. Typically, the spring planting season begins as soon as lifting becomes possible in the nursery, and ends with the completion of the program. At this time, planting stock is physiologically attuned to the oncoming growing season, and the outplant has the whole of that season in which to establish its root system before it is challenged by any frost heaving. In practice, ideals are seldom attained. That stock is normally dormant when spring-planted is a widespread fallacy. Active growth is commonly obvious at the time of planting, but in any case the metabolic activity increases in planting stock before the tops give visible expression to this. The difficulty of obtaining, in quantity, spring-lifted stock in dormant condition increases with increasing continentality of climate. In many areas, the period of springlike weather is unreliable and often short. As well, the soil moisture advantage claimed for spring planting is also insecurely founded. Soils that are sandy or gravelly, and shallow soils of any texture are highly dependent on current weather due to their limited available water capacities. Nor will a plentiful supply of soil moisture benefit an outplant whose roots are enveloped in anaerobic and/or cold soil, and mortality of trees outplanted into soil colder than about 6 °C may be excessive.[6][7]
The spruces may be planted not only throughout the spring planting period provided that the period of most active shoot elongation is avoided, but virtually throughout the whole growing season, with little loss of performance other than some reduction in increment.[8]
Conventional fall planting with fresh-lifted stock
The fall planting season is generally considered to begin when nursery stock has hardened off and soil moisture reserves have been replenished by autumnal rain. It then continues until the planting program has been completed or is terminated by freeze-up or heavy snow. The advantages of fall planting were once considered "To outweigh those of spring so certainly" that in the National Forests of the Lake States almost all planting was done in the fall,[9] but in spite of some success, operational fall plantings in North America have tended to be less successful than operational spring plantings.[10] On certain sites, a major disadvantage of fall planting is that the root systems of outplants have little time in which to become firmly anchored before being subjected to frost heaving. Such plants are also vulnerable to "winter browning", which may occur in the fall soon after planting, especially among stock having high shoot:root ratios.[11] Relationships between dormancy progression and physiological condition, including root-growth capacity, are much less clear in the spruces than in the pines, but certainly there is good evidence[12][13][14][15][16] that, in the absence of frost heaving, plantings of spruces can be just as successful in fall as in spring.
Conceptually and logistically, the simplest way of extending the conventional planting season is to extend lifting and planting of fresh stock through summer until the planting program has been competed. Summer planting has also been successful in a number of research studies with white spruce, e.g., Crossley 1956;[17] Ackerman and Johnson 1962;[18] Decie 1962 cited by Revel and Coates 1976;[19] Burgar and Lyon 1968;[20] Mullin 1971,[8] 1974;[21] Revel and Coates 1976.[19] Success depends on minimizing stresses to planting stock at all stages from lifting through planting and on planting when site conditions are conducive to survival and growth.[citation needed]
Refrigerated storage of planting stock has been developed largely with the aim of overcoming problems experienced in using flushed planting stock. Storage provides a means of holding stock for use when fresh stock is either unavailable or at a stage of development that renders it unsuitable for planting. It also offers possibilities of manipulating the physiological condition of the stock. However, there are problems associated with storage, e.g., mold, cold injury, desiccation, and depletion of food reserves. The rate of deterioration depends very much on the physiological condition of the planting stock at the time of lifting, as well as on the storage environment and duration of storage.[22]
Mullin and Forcier (1976)[23] and Mullin and Reffle (1980)[24] examined the effects of spring-lifting date and planting date on several species, including 3+0 white spruce after frozen storage, with fresh-lifted controls planted on each planting date for comparison. In all plantings, the earliest (2 May) lifting gave highest average second-year survival in all species. In another study, Mullin (1978)[22] found that outplantings of frozen-stored 3+0 white spruce were consistently successful to the end of July only with the earliest-lifted (25 April) stock. Sutton (1982)[25] also used 3+0 white spruce in outplanting every 2 weeks from the end of June through the growing season in 3 successive years on a variety of sites in northern Ontario. Despite variation in planting stock, poor storage environments and adverse weather, 4th-year results showed a consistent pattern of reasonable survival and growth rates among trees planted through July, with a rapid decline in performance of trees planted thereafter. Overwinter storage of stock has also been employed. It has the advantage of lifting stock at the end of the growing season when physiological processes are invoking natural dormancy.[26]
Natural refrigerated overwinter storage has been used in root cellars and snow caches. Using natural refrigeration in root cellar storage, Jorgensen and Stanek (1962)[27] kept 3+0 and 2+2 white spruce in dormant condition for 6 months without apparent detriment to performance after outplanting. Moreover, the stock was highly resistant to spring frost damage. Natural cold storage for overwintering 3+0 and 2+2 white spruce was also used by Mullin (1966).[28] Unlike Jorgensen and Stanek's (1962)[27] stock, which was raised 550 km to the south of where it was planted, Mullin's stock was raised in a nursery at about the same latitude as the planting site; the stock experienced inside-bale temperatures down to -15 °C in mid-winter, but still showed first- and second-year survival rates of 85.9% and 65.9%, respectively, compared with 91.4% and 76.2%, respectively, for fresh-lifted stock. However, Mullin's stored stock was much more damaged by spring frost than was fresh-lifted stock and it "showed a reduction in vigour as measured in terms of survival, susceptibility to damage and growth".
Proportion of carbon stock in forest carbon pools, 2020[29]
Forests are an important part of the global carbon cycle because trees and plants absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis. Therefore, they play an important role in climate change mitigation.[30]: 37 By removing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide from the air, forests function as terrestrial carbon sinks, meaning they store large amounts of carbon in the form of biomass, encompassing roots, stems, branches, and leaves. Throughout their lifespan, trees continue to sequester carbon, storing atmospheric CO2 long-term.[31]Sustainable forest management, afforestation, reforestation are therefore important contributions to climate change mitigation.
An important consideration in such efforts is that forests can turn from sinks to carbon sources.[32][33][34] In 2019 forests took up a third less carbon than they did in the 1990s, due to higher temperatures, droughts[35] and deforestation. The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s.[36]
Researchers have found that, in terms of environmental services, it is better to avoid deforestation than to allow for deforestation to subsequently reforest, as the latter leads to irreversible effects in terms of biodiversity loss and soil degradation.[37] Furthermore, the probability that legacy carbon will be released from soil is higher in younger boreal forest.[38] Global greenhouse gas emissions caused by damage to tropical rainforests may have been substantially underestimated until around 2019.[39] Additionally, the effects of afforestation and reforestation will be farther in the future than keeping existing forests intact.[40] It takes much longer − several decades − for the benefits for global warming to manifest to the same carbon sequestration benefits from mature trees in tropical forests and hence from limiting deforestation.[41] Therefore, scientists consider "the protection and recovery of carbon-rich and long-lived ecosystems, especially natural forests" to be "the major climate solution".[42]
The planting of trees on marginal crop and pasture lands helps to incorporate carbon from atmospheric CO 2 into biomass.[43][44] For this carbon sequestration process to succeed the carbon must not return to the atmosphere from biomass burning or rotting when the trees die.[45] To this end, land allotted to the trees must not be converted to other uses. Alternatively, the wood from them must itself be sequestered, e.g., via biochar, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, landfill or stored by use in construction.
Earth offers enough room to plant an additional 0.9 billion ha of tree canopy cover, although this estimate has been criticized,[46][47] and the true area that has a net cooling effect on the climate when accounting for biophysical feedbacks like albedo is 20-80% lower.[48][49] Planting and protecting these trees would sequester 205 billion tons of carbon if the trees survive future climate stress to reach maturity.[50][49] To put this number into perspective, this is about 20 years of current global carbon emissions (as of 2019) .[51] This level of sequestration would represent about 25% of the atmosphere's carbon pool in 2019.[49]
Life expectancy of forests varies throughout the world, influenced by tree species, site conditions, and natural disturbance patterns. In some forests, carbon may be stored for centuries, while in other forests, carbon is released with frequent stand replacing fires. Forests that are harvested prior to stand replacing events allow for the retention of carbon in manufactured forest products such as lumber.[52] However, only a portion of the carbon removed from logged forests ends up as durable goods and buildings. The remainder ends up as sawmill by-products such as pulp, paper, and pallets.[53] If all new construction globally utilized 90% wood products, largely via adoption of mass timber in low rise construction, this could sequester 700 million net tons of carbon per year.[54][55] This is in addition to the elimination of carbon emissions from the displaced construction material such as steel or concrete, which are carbon-intense to produce.
A meta-analysis found that mixed species plantations would increase carbon storage alongside other benefits of diversifying planted forests.[56]
Although a bamboo forest stores less total carbon than a mature forest of trees, a bamboo plantation sequesters carbon at a much faster rate than a mature forest or a tree plantation. Therefore, the farming of bamboo timber may have significant carbon sequestration potential.[57]
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported that: "The total carbon stock in forests decreased from 668 gigatonnes in 1990 to 662 gigatonnes in 2020".[29]: 11 In Canada's boreal forests as much as 80% of the total carbon is stored in the soils as dead organic matter.[58]
The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report says: "Secondary forest regrowth and restoration of degraded forests and non-forest ecosystems can play a large role in carbon sequestration (high confidence) with high resilience to disturbances and additional benefits such as enhanced biodiversity."[59][60]
Impacts on temperature are affected by the location of the forest. For example, reforestation in boreal or subarctic regions has less impact on climate. This is because it substitutes a high-albedo, snow-dominated region with a lower-albedo forest canopy. By contrast, tropical reforestation projects lead to a positive change such as the formation of clouds. These clouds then reflect the sunlight, lowering temperatures.[61]: 1457
Planting trees in tropical climates with wet seasons has another advantage. In such a setting, trees grow more quickly (fixing more carbon) because they can grow year-round. Trees in tropical climates have, on average, larger, brighter, and more abundant leaves than non-tropical climates. A study of the girth of 70,000 trees across Africa has shown that tropical forests fix more carbon dioxide pollution than previously realized. The research suggested almost one-fifth of fossil fuel emissions are absorbed by forests across Africa, Amazonia and Asia. Simon Lewis stated, "Tropical forest trees are absorbing about 18% of the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere each year from burning fossil fuels, substantially buffering the rate of change."[62]
Australian forests have been heavily affected since European colonisation, and some attempts have been made to restore native habitats, both by government and individuals. Greening Australia is a national Non profit set up to run the "National Tree Program" initiated by the Federal Government in 1982.[63]
There is a strong volunteer movement for conservation in Australia through Landcare and other networks. National Tree Day is organised annually by Planet Ark in the last week in July, encouraging the public to plant 1 million native trees per year. Growing trees for Timber industries is a long-term project. It may take many years for a tree to mature to an age and size that is appropriate for the Timber to be used by industry. Some trees are many hundreds of years old.[citation needed]
Many state governments run their own "Million Tree" programs each year to encourage community involvement.[64][65]
Trees for Life (Brooklyn Park) is an excellent example of a community organisation having a sustainable impact.
45,000 tree saplings will be planted on rural roads in Bangladesh. Legal agreements will ensure that 60% tree wealth created will belong to the poorest families (45 km × 15 = 675 families). Local government and PEP each receive 20% tree wealth. 45 poor rural women & 3 local social workers will be employed for 3 years to nurture the young saplings, receiving a monthly salary. With only 8% of the desired 25% land under tree coverage, the project will improve environment.[66]
Most tree planting in Canada is carried out by private reforestation companies.[67][unreliable source?] Tree-planting is typically piece work and tree prices can vary widely depending on the difficulty of the terrain and on the winning contract's bid price. As a result, there is a saying among planters: "There is no bad land, only bad contracts." 4 months of hard work can yield enough to live on for an entire year, but conditions are harsh.[67][unreliable source?]
Tree planting crews often do not permanently reside in the areas where they work, thus much planting is based out of motels or bush camps. Bush camp accommodations usually consist of a mess tent, cook shack, dry goods tent, first aid tent, freshly dug outhouses, and a shower tent or trailer. Planters are responsible for bringing either a tent or car to sleep in. A camp also contains camp cooks and support staff.[67][unreliable source?]
The average British Columbian planter plants 1,600 trees per day,[68] but it is not uncommon for experienced planters to plant up to 4,000 trees per day while working in the interior.[67][unreliable source?]These numbers are higher in central and eastern Canada, where the terrain is generally faster, however the price per tree is slightly lower as a result. Average daily totals of 2,500 are common, with experienced planters planting upwards of 5,000 trees a day. Numbers as high as 7,500 a day have been recorded.[67][unreliable source?]
Quite often, tree planting contractors will deduct some of the cost associated with the operation of the contract directly from the tree planter's daily earned wages. These imposed fees typically vary from $10 to $30 per day, and are referred to as "camp costs".[69][obsolete source]
Once inflation is factored in, real tree planter earnings have declined for many years in Canada. This has adversely affected the sector's ability to attract and retain workers.[70]
Based on statistics for British Columbia, the average tree planter: lifts a cumulative weight of over 1,000 kilograms (2,200 lb), bends more than 200 times per hour, drives the shovel into the ground more than 200 times per hour and travels over 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) with a heavy load, every day of the entire season. The reforestation industry has an average annual injury rate of approximately 22 claims per 100 workers, per year. It is often difficult and sometimes dangerous.[68][obsolete source]
Planting in the UK is commonly referred to as restocking, when it takes place on land that has recently been harvested. When occurring on previously unforested land it is known as new planting.[71][better source needed]Under the British system, in order to acquire the necessary permissions to clearcut, the landowner must agree a management plan with the Forestry Commission (the regulatory body for all things forestry) which must include proposals for the re-establishment of tree cover on the land. Planting contractors will be engaged by the landowner/management company, a contract drawn up and work will typically take place from November to April when most of the transplants are dormant.[citation needed]
Planting is part of the rotational nature of much British plantation forestry. Productive tree crops are planted and subsequently clearcut. Some form of soil cultivation may take place and the ground is then restocked. Where the production of timber is a management priority, a prescribed stocking density must be achieved. For coniferous species this will be a minimum of 2500 stems per hectare at year 5 (from planting). Planting at this density has been shown to favour the development of straighter knot-free logs.[citation needed]
Planters are normally paid under piece work terms and an experienced worker will plant around 1600 trees a day under most conditions.
Tree Plantation drives combat many environmental issues like deforestation, erosion of soil, desertification in semi-arid areas, global warming and hence enhancing the beauty and balance of the environment. Trees absorb harmful gases and emit oxygen resulting in an increase in oxygen supply. On average, a single tree emits 260 pounds of oxygen annually. Similarly, a fully-grown tree is sufficient for 18 human beings in one acre of land in one year stressing the importance of tree plantation for mankind. Aniruddha's Academy of Disaster Management in Mumbai, India carries out numerous projects to plant trees on a huge scale. The foundation trains volunteer on this subject at Govidyapeetham (Cattle Conservation Institute) in the city of Karjat in Maharashtra, India. The trained volunteers then plant saplings, trees in groups on available land. Local government authorities also provide vacant plots, land on highways sides and on the hills for tree plantation. Ek Kadam Sansthan[72] of Jaipur, India is involved in many plantation projects including one tree my duty to plant trees on the earth. The Ek Kadam plant trees and hand them over to the individual at the village, who meets beneficiary criteria like they are financially challenged, physically challenged etc. After handing over the process Sansthan pays them 100 INR per tree for watering and safety from grazing cattle. Hence by this process Ek Kadam sansthan want to ensure 100% survivability of planted trees. Many volunteers are added to this campaign. The trained volunteers help Ek Kadam Sansthan to plant saplings, and managing all processes. Ek Kadam Sansthan not taking any support from government agencies. The management committee is regularised and managed by retired bureaucrats to ensure transparency in funds and performance measures.
Ek Kadam Sansthan's campaign One Tree My Duty is working with technology-enabled tree plantation work.
Tree-planting is an ancient Jewish tradition. The Talmudic rabbi Yohanan ben Zakai used to say that if a person planting a tree heard that the Messiah had arrived, he should finish planting before going to greet him.[73] Due to massive afforestation efforts,[74] this fact echoed in diverse campaigns.[75][76] Israeli forests are the product of a major afforestation campaign by the Jewish National Fund (JNF).[77]
The largest planted forest in Israel is Yatir Forest, located on the southern slopes of Mount Hebron, on the edge of the Negev Desert. It covers an area of 30,000 dunams (30 square kilometers).[78] It is named after the ancient Levite city within its territory, Yatir, as written in the Torah: "And unto the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its suburbs, the city of refuge for the manslayer, and Libnah with its suburbs, and Jattir with its suburbs, and Eshtemoa with its suburbs" (Book of Joshua 21:13–14).[79] In 2006, the JNF signed a 49-year lease agreement with the State of Israel which gives it control over 30,000 hectares of Negev land for the development of forests.[80] Research on climate change is being carried out in Yatir Forest.[81][82] Studies of the Weizmann Institute of Science, in collaboration with the Desert Research Institute at Sde Boker, have shown that the trees function as a trap for carbon in the air.[83][84] Shade provided by trees planted in the desert also reduces evaporation of the sparse rainfall.[83] Yatir Forest is a part of the NASA project FluxNet, a global network of micrometeorological tower sites used to measure the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere. The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies conducts research that focuses on crops such as dates and grapes grown in the vicinity of Yatir forest.[85][86] The research is part of a project aimed at introducing new crops into arid and saline zones.[87]
The JNF has been criticized for planting non-native pine trees which are unsuited to the climate, rather than local species such as olive trees.[88] Others say that JNF deserves credit for this decision, and the forests would not have survived otherwise.[89][better source needed] According to JNF statistics, six out of every 10 saplings planted at a JNF site in Jerusalem do not survive, although the survival rate for planting sites outside Jerusalem is much higher – close to 95 percent.
Kaingaroa Forest in New Zealand is the second largest planted forest in the southern hemisphere after the Sabie/Graskop area in South Africa. It is one of the many plantation forests planted since European settlement. The Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) is commonly used for plantations since a fast-growing cultivar suitable for a wide range of conditions has been developed.
Government agencies, environmental organisations and private trusts carry out tree planting for conservation and climate change mitigation. While some work is carried out by private enterprise, there are also planting days organised for volunteers. Landcare Research use planted forests for their EBEX21 system for greenhouse gas emissions mitigations.[90]
South Africa's forests have been a heavily depleted mostly due to agriculture, traditional farming and urbanisation in the coastal regions. Various organizations are working on increasing the forest cover in parts of the country. Currently there is less than 0.5% forest cover in South Africa. Wildlands Conservation Trust and Food & Trees for Africa (FTFA) are some of the oldest NGOs working to plant trees throughout South Africa—both established in the early 1990s. Greenpop is a national Social Enterprise established in 2010 which focusses on tree planting in sustainable urban greening and forest restoration in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a strong volunteer movement for conservation in South Africa. National Tree Day or Arbor Day is organised annually in September, and has gone on to become national Arbor Month.[citation needed]
The largest planted forest in the Southern Hemisphere is located in the Sabie/Graskop area in South Africa and covers approximately 6,000 km2.[91]
Hand planting is the most widely practiced planting method in the United States. Hand planting is possible on most terrain, in most soil conditions, and around obstacles. Equipment for hand planting is inexpensive, but hand planting is labor-intensive resulting in costs that are generally 20% to 50% greater than those of machine planting.[92][obsolete source] Hand planting is an attractive option for landowners and conservation organizations planting small acreages; especially if volunteer labor is available. Seedling survival rates will vary based on planters' experience levels. In the U.S., common hand planting tools include dibbles, mattocks, augers, and hoedads[93] that are paired with a hip or shoulder harness style planting bag.
Machine planting is another common planting method in the United States. Equipment and transportation costs are such that machine planting is generally used for larger acreages where reduced labor cost and high planting productivity are desired. Machine planting is generally restricted to reasonably level terrain with good soil and limited obstacles. While machine planting is most often associated with plantation silviculture in the Southeast and Upper Midwest, it has been used in ecological restoration. Machine planting was used for forest restoration on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula following a large scale Spruce Bark Beetle outbreak in the 1990s.[94]
Trees for the Future and Plant With Purpose are non-profit organizations based in the U.S. that plant trees in developing countries to improve land management.[95][96] Other organizations that plant trees in the United States include:
Planting Shade: Student run non-profit based in Virginia Beach. Gives citizens the resources to plant trees in their own backyard and other residential areas.[citation needed]
TreeFolks empowers central Texans to build stronger communities through planting and caring for trees. Since 1989, TreeFolks has planted over 1.5 million trees in parks, neighborhoods, and natural areas throughout central Texas.[citation needed]
Trees have been selectively planted by mankind for thousands of years the world over to provide food, shelter, timber, and other tree products as well as for ornamental and ceremonial purposes. The first woody species planted was probably olive in southeast Europe in 4000BC. There are also many biblical references to tree planting, such as in the Old Testament record of Abraham planting a tamarisk to commemorate the treaty of Beersheba (Gen. 21:33).[101]
The concept of planting multiple trees together on a large scale to replenish material supplies first developed in Europe during the Middle Ages, and gradually gave rise to forestry plantations.[101] The earliest records of conifer plantations come from Nuremberg in 1368,[102] although the planting of trees on a large scale may have taken place as early as the 13th century in this region to reafforest exploited areas.[103]
As Neolithic humans assumed a more settled way of life, and with the technological development of agriculture and consequent growth of civilization, more trees would need to be felled and gathered as a source of timber and other forest products and to make way for cultivation of crops. Given the finiteness of tree products in the absence of sufficient replanting, it was realized that clearance of forest and woodland must be controlled, and forests had to be managed and conserved for the natural resources they provided as demand grew. In England for example, this is evident from early laws that were passed in 1457 to encourage tree planting.[104] However, despite these laws, persistent destruction of woodlands since the Anglo-Saxon period had by the seventeenth century led to a so-called "timber famine".[105] Because of this shortfall, timber was at a premium and thus became very expensive, which was especially problematic for shipbuilding and naval enterprises. Following an appeal by the Navy Board to the Royal Society for a solution,[106] one member of the Society, John Evelyn, wrote and published his seminal 1664 work Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber. This conveyed a successful plea for reafforestation by persuading landowners to plant millions of trees on their private estates to make good the severe shortage of timber and repair the "wooden walls" of England.[citation needed]
In the tropics, there is a long history of planting teak for timber, dating back to the 15th century in Java. The demand for sustainable teak for general construction and shipbuilding purposes intensified with the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century and the Dutch in the 17th century. The teak growing industry thereafter became controlled and monopolized by the Dutch East India Company.[101]
In North America, tree planting on the western prairies was practiced by immigrants from the east during the 19th century. This was to satisfy the demand for wood and other tree products as well as to establish shelterbelts for agriculture, since naturally growing trees were very scarce on the Great Plains.[107]
^ abSutton, R.F. 1984. Plantation establishment in the boreal forest: glyphosate, hexazinone, and manual weed control. For. Chron. 60:282–287.
^Toumey, J. W. and Korstian, C.F. 1942. Seeding and planting in the forestry practice. Ed. 3. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
^Stiell, W.M. 1976. White spruce: artificial regeneration in Canada. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Ottawa ON, Inf. Rep. FMR-X-85. 275 p.
^Sutton, R.F. 1968. Ecology of young white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss). Ph.D. thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca NY, Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan MI, 68–11645. 500 p.
^Sutton, R.F. 1969. Form and development of conifer root systems. Commonw. For. Bureau, Oxford, U.K., Tech. Communication No. 7. 131 p.
^ abMullin, R.E. 1971. "Some effects of root dipping, root exposure and extended planting dates with white spruce." For. Chron. 47(2):90–93.
^Kittredge, J (1929). "Forest planting in the Lake States". U.S.D.A., for. Serv., Washington DC, Agric. Bull. (1497): 87 p.
^LeBarron, R.K.; Fox, G.; Blythe, R.H. 1938. The effect of season of planting and other factors on early survival of forest plantations. J. For. 36:1211–1215.
^Rudolf, P.O. 1950. Cold soaking – a short-cut substitute for stratification? J. For. 48(1):31–32.
^Baldwin, H.I. 1938. Planting experiments in the northeast. J. For. 36:758–760.
^Mullin, R.E. 1968. Comparisons between seedlings and transplants in fall and spring plantings. Ont. Dep. Lands For., Res. Div., Toronto ON, Res. Rep. 85. 40 p.
^Sinclair, C.; Boyd, R.J. 1973. Survival comparisons of three fall and spring plantings of four coniferous species in northern Idaho. USDA, For. Serv., Intermount. For. Range Exp. Sta., Ogden UT, Res. Pap. INT-139. 20 p.
^McClain, K.M. 1975. Continuous planting of seedling black spruce. p. 177–194 in Black Spruce Symp. Proc., Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Sault Ste. Marie ON, Symp. Proc. O-P-4.
^McClain, K.M. 1979. A review on the possibility of extending the planting season. Ont. Min. Nat. Resour., Northern For. Res. Unit, Thunder Bay ON. 44 p.
^Crossley, D.I. 1956. The possibility of continuous planting of white spruce throughout the frost-free period. Can. Dep. Northern Affairs National Resour., For. Branch, For. Res. Div., Ottawa ON, Tech. Note 32. 31 p.
^Ackerman, R.F.; Johnson, H.L. 1962. Continuous planting of white spruce throughout the frost-free period. Can. Dep. For., For. Res. Branch, Ottawa ON, Tech. Note 117. 13 p.
^ abRevel, J.; Coates, H. 1976. Planting white spruce throughout the growing season on high site areas in the Sub-Boreal Forest Region of B.C. B.C. For. Serv., Res. Div., Victoria BC, Rep. E.P.668. 37 p.
^Burgar, R.J.; Lyon, N.F. 1968. Survival and growth of stored and unstored white spruce planted through the frost-free period. Ont. Dep. Lands Forests, Toronto ON, Res. Rep. 84. 37 p.
^Mullin, R.E. 1974. Some planting effects still significant after 20 years. For. Chron. 50:191–193.
^ abMullin, R.E. 1978. "Tests of frozen spring storage for white spruce and red pine planting stock." USDA, For. Serv., Tree Plant. Notes 29(4):26–29.
^Mullin, R.E.; Forcier, L. 1976. Effect of lifting and planting dates on survival and growth of spring stored nursery stock. Ont. Min, Nat. Resour., For. Res. Branch, Toronto ON, For. Res. Notes 3. 4 p.
^Mullin, R.E.; Reffle, R.J. 1980. Effects of dates of lifting and planting on success of frozen spring storage at Swastika Nursery. Ont. Min, Nat. Resour., Toronto ON, Nursery Notes 66. 5 p.
^Sutton, R.F. 1982. "Plantation establishment in the boreal forest: planting season extension." Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv., Sault Ste. Marie ON, Inf. Rep. O-X-344. 129 p.
^Mullin, R.E.; Parker, J.D. 1976. "Provisional guidelines for fall lifting for frozen overwinter storage of nursery stock." For. Chron. 52(1):22–25.
^ abJorgensen, E.; Stanek, W.K.L. 1962. "Overwinter storage of coniferous seedlings as a means of preventing late frost damage." For. Chron. 38(2):192–202.
^Mullin, R.E. 1966. "Overwinter storage of baled nursery stock in northern Ontario." Commonw. For. Rev. 45(3):224–230.
^Gorte, Ross W. (2009). Carbon Sequestration in Forests(PDF) (RL31432 ed.). Congressional Research Service. Archived(PDF) from the original on November 14, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
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Location of Mendham Township in Morris County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Morris County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (left).
5,989 • Rank346th of 565 in state
29th of 39 in county[11] • Density338.3/sq mi (130.6/km2) • Rank468th of 565 in state
37th of 39 in county[11]Economics
Along with Mendham Borough, the Mendhams have been described by The New York Times as "both affluent".[35] The township has been one of the highest-income small municipalities in the United States. Based on data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey, NJ.com ranked the township as having the third-highest income in the state, with a median household income of $176,875.[36] Based on data from the ACS for 2014–2018, Mendham Township ranked fifth in the state with a median household income of $185,882.[37]Per capita income, in comparison, was $131,795 as of the 2020 United States Census.[12]
In 2010, Forbes.com listed Mendham as 224th in its listing of "America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes", with a median home price of $1,006,491.[38]
Natural resources of water, forests and minerals drew settlers to the area. The area of Ralston had iron forges, sawmills, and a gristmill by 1748, located in an area along the North Branch of the Raritan River. Northeast of Ralston is India Brook. On the eastern side of Mendham Township, brooks that formed the upper reaches of the Whippany River attracted settlers to the valley called Water Street or Waterville, later known as Brookside.
Following the Civil War, wealthy industrialists and financiers established country homes in the Morristown area and Bernardsville's "Mountain Colony", including in the Mendhams.[41] Historic homes, structures, and local settlements are relics of the township's history as a community where people lived and worked in a rural community far from the city's "dark satanic mills".[42]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 18.01 square miles (46.65 km2), including 17.78 square miles (46.06 km2) of land and 0.23 square miles (0.59 km2) of water (1.27%).[1][2]
Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Brookside, Colemans Hollow, Days Mills, Pleasant Valley, Ralston and Washington Corner.[43]
Of the 1,952 households, 44.6% had children under the age of 18; 78.0% were married couples living together; 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present and 15.0% were non-families. Of all households, 12.7% were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.28.[18]
30.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 15.4% from 25 to 44, 36.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 94.7 males.[18]
The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $162,125 (with a margin of error of +/− $44,498) and the median family income was $194,028 (+/− $20,875). Males had a median income of $163,594 (+/− $46,204) versus $76,136 (+/− $53,301) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $93,011 (+/− $10,203). About 0.6% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.2% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.[59]
Mendham Township is one of the highest-income small municipalities in the United States and was ranked 7th in New Jersey in per capita income as of the 2010 Census.[60] Based on data from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey, the township had a per capita income of $93,011 (ranked 7th in the state), compared to per capita income in Morris County of $47,342 and statewide of $34,858.[60]
As of the 2000 United States census[14] there were 5,400 people, 1,788 households, and 1,539 families residing in the township. The population density was 302.4 inhabitants per square mile (116.8/km2). There were 1,849 housing units at an average density of 103.5 per square mile (40.0/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 95.91% White, 0.93% African American, 0.09% Native American, 2.02% Asian, 0.35% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.52% of the population.[57][58]
There were 1,788 households, out of which 47.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 80.2% were married couples living together, 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.9% were non-families. 11.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.27.[57][58]
In the township the population was spread out, with 32.0% under the age of 18, 3.6% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.[57][58]
The median income for a household in the township was $136,174, and the median income for a family was $146,254. Males had a median income of $100,000 versus $57,946 for females. The per capita income for the township was $61,460. About 1.4% of families and 1.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.3% of those under age 18 and 0.9% of those age 65 or over.[57][58]
Mendham Township was ranked in 2000 as the 17th-highest per capita income in the state of New Jersey, after having been ranked tenth a decade earlier. In 2000, the township's median household income ranked forth in the state and second highest in Morris County behind Mountain Lakes. Per capita income increased by 30.4% from the previous census, with income growth ranked 493rd among the state's 566 municipalities.[61]
In addition to the several parks in the township, there are miles of hiking trails, including the Patriots' Path, created by the county.[62] India Brook Park, located off Ironia Road, has recreation fields and features a trail to Buttermilk Falls on the India Brook.[63][64] The Schiff Nature Preserve, located off Pleasant Valley Road, offers nature programs and has several hiking trails.[65]
Mendham Township operates under the township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second most commonly used form of government in the state.[66] The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle.[6][67][68] At an annual reorganization meeting held on the first Monday after January 1, the newly reconstituted township committee selects one of its members to serve as mayor, and another to serve as deputy mayor.
As of 2025[update], members of the Mendham Township Committee are Mayor Sarah Neibart (R, 2027; term as mayor ends December 31, 2025), Deputy Nick Monaghan (R, 2027; term as deputy mayor ends 2025), Amalia Duarte (D, 2026), Tracy Moreen (R, 2025) and Lauren Spirig (D, 2025).[3][69][70][71][72][73][74]
In February 2023, Republicans dropped a challenge to the election of Democrat Lauren Spirig, who won the second seat on the committee up for election in November 2022, three votes ahead of incumbent Republican committee member Thomas Baio, who claimed that there had been votes cast by individuals who no longer resided in the township and were thus ineligible to vote.[75][76]
Former township committeeman Brian Phelan was inducted into the New Jersey State Elected Officials Hall of Fame in 2011.[77]
Morris County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners comprised of seven members who are elected at-large in partisan elections to three-year terms on a staggered basis, with either one or three seats up for election each year as part of the November general election.[86] Actual day-to-day operation of departments is supervised by County Administrator Deena Leary.[87]
The county's constitutional officers are County Clerk Ann F. Grossi (R, Parsippany–Troy Hills, 2028),[102][103] Sheriff James M. Gannon (R, Boonton Township, 2025)[104][105] and Surrogate Heather Darling (R, Roxbury, 2029).[106][107]
As of June 4, 2024, there were a total of 5,264 registered voters in Mendham Township, of which 1,505 (28.59%) were registered as Democrats, 1,960 (37.23%) were registered as Republicans and 1,799 (34.18%) were registered as Unaffiliated.[108]
In the 2021 gubernatorial election, Republican Jack Ciattarelli received 54.4% (1,521 votes), ahead of Democrat Phil Murphy with 45% (1,260 votes), and other candidates with .6% (17 votes), among the 2,825 ballots cast by the township's 5,527 registered voters, for a turnout of 51.1%.[109] In the 2017 gubernatorial election, Republican Kim Guadagno received 57.5% (1,305 votes), ahead of Democrat Phil Murphy with 41.1% (932 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (31 votes), among the 2,292 ballots cast by the township's 4,982 registered voters, for a turnout of 46.0%.[110] In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie, a resident of the township, received 80.9% of the vote (1,795 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 18.0% (400 votes), and other candidates with 1.1% (25 votes), among the 2,242 ballots cast by the township's 4,624 registered voters (22 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 48.5%.[111][112] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 67.4% of the vote (1,914 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 23.5% (666 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 8.0% (227 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (3 votes), among the 2,838 ballots cast by the township's 4,547 registered voters, yielding a 62.4% turnout.[113]
United States presidential election results for Mendham Township [114]
Mendham Township Middle School was one of 11 in the state to be recognized in 2014 by the United States Department of Education's National Blue Ribbon Schools Program.[123][124] Mendham Township Elementary School was honored by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program in 2019, one of nine schools in the state recognized as Exemplary High Performing Schools.[125]
As of May 2010[update], the township had a total of 70.70 miles (113.78 km) of roadways, of which 63.51 miles (102.21 km) were maintained by the municipality and 7.19 miles (11.57 km) by Morris County.[131]
No Interstate, U.S. or state highways pass directly through Mendham Township. The most significant roadway directly serving the township is County Route 510. For those heading to points outside the township, Interstate 287, Interstate 80, and Interstate 78, are all accessible nearby.
NJ Transit offered service on the MCM4 and MCM5 routes until 2010, when subsidies to the local provider were eliminated as part of budget cuts.[132][133]
^ abTownship Committee, Mendham Township. Accessed February 9, 2025. "The Township Committee is made up of five residents who are elected at large to serve three-year terms. Each January, the Township Committee reorganizes and votes on a Mayor and Deputy Mayor to serve for a one-year term."
^Administrator, Mendham Township. Accessed February 9, 2025.
^Township Clerk, Mendham Township. Accessed February 9, 2025.
^Explore Southwestern Morris County, Morris County Tourism Authority. Accessed April 10, 2024. "Southwestern Morris County includes a multitude of farms, farmers markets and community-supported agriculture offering fresh produce and festivals throughout the growing season throughout its communities of Mount Olive, Washington Township (Long Valley), Roxbury, Chester, Chester Township, Mount Arlington, Mendham, Mendham Township, Randolph and Netcong."
^Thomson, W. Barry. "New Municipal Proposals of 100 Years Ago", Inside the Brick Academy, June 2021. Accessed July 9, 2023. "Over the years a number of efforts have been made to alter municipal boundaries and create new municipalities in the Somerset Hills region, with the goal of making local governments more responsive to the changing needs of residents.... The first of such efforts in the 20th century resulted in the creation of Mendham Borough out of Mendham Township in 1906, and the separation of the Borough of Peapack-Gladstone from Bedminster Township in 1912."
^Comprehensive Master Plan, Borough of Bernardsville, adopted September 28, 2000. Accessed July 11, 2023. "Bernardsville is geographically part of the Somerset Hills group of communities, as defined by their hills and steep slopes. These municipalities include Far Hills (named for these hills), PeapackGladstone (part), Bedminster (part), Bernards Township (part) in Somerset County and the Mendhams (part) in Morris County."
^Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 5, 2015. Spelled as "Myndham".
^Kelley, Tina. "An Outpost of New England", The New York Times, February 2, 2014. Accessed September 5, 2015. "The origin of the town's name — preserved on the sign of the Black Horse as 'I'll Mend 'Em' — has been the subject of animated debate. Did it come from the Indian word 'mendom,' for raspberry or huckleberry? Was it chosen to honor the British Earl of Mendham?"
^Petenko, Erin. "The 19 wealthiest towns in New Jersey, ranked", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, January 12, 2018, updated May 15, 2019. Accessed February 27, 2020. "A note about the data: The source of this data is median household income in the 2012-2016 American Community Survey snapshot, compared with the 2007-2011 ACS snapshot.... 3. Mendham township, Morris County Median income: $176,875"
^Cervenka, Susanne. "Rich in New Jersey: Here are the 50 wealthiest towns in the state. Is yours one of them?", Asbury Park Press, July 1, 2019. Accessed May 10, 2020. "The USA TODAY NETWORK New Jersey took a look at U.S. Census data to find the 50th wealthiest towns in the state and ranked them by median household income.... 5. Mendham Township; County: Morris County; Median household income: $185,882; Percent making more than $200,000: 47.5%"
^Historical Timeline of Morris County Boundaries, Morris County Library. Accessed December 24, 2016. "1749, March 29.Mendham Township is established from Hanover, Morris, and Roxbury Township."
^Historical Overview, Mendahm Township School District. Accessed May 3, 2024. "Despite the present-day transformation from a rural farming community to a residential suburb, Mendham Township retains its early character through its carefully preserved homes, farm buildings, and villages. These are living remnants of the township’s past. Here people worked where they lived in a natural setting, away from the "dark satanic mills" of the big city, pursuing economic independence - a portrait of Americana."
^Morel, Kyle. "Mendham Township swears in second Democrat as Republican court challenge looms",Daily Record, January 6, 2023. Accessed March 6, 2023. "Republican Tracey Moreen and Democrat Lauren Spirig were sworn in for three-year terms during Thursday's reorganization meeting at Mendham Township Middle School. Despite a legal case that has drawn national attention, the two newest committee members, in statements after taking their oaths of office, spoke of the need to work in the best interest of the community.... Certified election results from the Morris County Clerk's Office showed Spirig receiving 1,473 votes to Baio's 1,471 to secure the second open committee seat. Moreen led the field with 1,532 votes, while Democrat Martin Slayne received 1,397 votes."
^Westhoven, William. "Judge dismisses election challenge in Mendham Township; GOP's Baio concedes", Daily Record, February 7, 2023. Accessed March 6, 2023. "After a day of initial testimony at the Morris County Courthouse Tuesday, attorneys for former Mendham Township Committeeman Thomas Baio dropped a controversial lawsuit challenging his three-vote November election loss to Lauren Spirig due to alleged illegal vote-by-mail ballots.... The lawsuit identified 33 mostly late mail-in ballots that Baio claimed were cast by former or non-residents in a race he narrowly lost to Spirig, a Democrat. Baio's court challenge said he wanted to root out illegal votes in the interest of 'election integrity.'"
^Kean, Thomas. "Congressman Thomas Kean Jr". United States House of Representatives. United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 15, 2025.
^Board of County Commissioners, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed January 19, 2025. "Morris County is governed by a seven-member Board of County Commissioners, who serve three-year terms."
^"Morris County Appoints Deena Leary Acting Administrator", Morris County, New Jersey, August 1, 2022. Accessed January 19, 2025. "Assistant Morris County Administrator Deena Leary has been appointed Acting Administrator by the Morris County Board of County Commissioners, placing her at the helm of county operations and ready to assume the post when long-time Administrator John Bonanni officially retires at year’s end."
^Tayfun Selen, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed January 19, 2025.
^Stephen H. Shaw, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed January 19, 2025.
^Douglas R. Cabana, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed January 19, 2025.
^John Krickus, Morris County, New Jersey. Accessed January 19, 2025.
^Mendham Township Board of Education District Policy 0110 - Identification, Mendham Township Public Schools. Accessed July 21, 2022. "Purpose: The Board of Education exists for the purpose of providing a thorough and efficient system of free public education in grades Pre-Kindergarten through eight in the Mendham Township School District. Composition: The Mendham Township School District is comprised of all the area within the municipal boundaries of Mendham Township."
^Goldman, Jeff. "Which N.J. schools were named to national 'Blue Ribbon' list?", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, October 2, 2014. Accessed December 31, 2014. "Eleven New Jersey schools have been named to the annual National Blue Ribbon list, the U.S. Department of Education announced Tuesday."
^School Profile 2016-2017, West Morris Mendham High School. Accessed March 19, 2017. "West Morris Mendham High School, serving grades 9-12, is a college preparatory institution. Students reside in either Mendham or Chester, which are both semi-rural communities with a mix of upper-middle class to high-income families."
^West Morris Regional High School District 2015 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed February 27, 2020. "Established in 1958, the West Morris Regional High School District operates two schools, West Morris Central High School and West Morris Mendham High School. The regional district serves the students of five Morris County communities: Chester Borough, Chester Township, Mendham Borough, Mendham Township and Washington Township. Students from Washington Township attend West Morris Central High School, and students from the Chesters and the Mendhams attend West Morris Mendham High School."
^"Dr. Cochran Dies at 81", Courier News, December 27, 1952. Accessed January 3, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Dr. Samuel Cochran, a retired Presbyterian medical missionary to China and brother of Miss Jean C. Cochran of 1003 Park Ave., died yesterday (Dec. 26, 1952) at Newport, R. I. He was 81. He was born in Mendham, a son of the late Rev. I. W. Cochran, pastor, of the First Presbyterian Church of Mendham, and the late Mrs. Annie Carter Cochran."
^Wildstein, David. "Trump pick for Secretary of Transportation lives in New Jersey", New Jersey Globe, January 15, 2025. Accessed January 18, 2025. "Sean P. Duffy, a former Republican congressman from Wisconsin, purchased a home in Mendham Township in August 2021. He recently registered to vote in New Jersey – his registration becomes effective on January 31; that would put his registration date around January 10 of this year."
^Staff. "Millennium Moments", Daily Record, September 20, 1999. Accessed February 15, 2011. "Morris Frank pioneer for blind. Morris S Frank lost his sight by age 16 but he became a man of tremendous vision. A longtime resident of Mendham Township, Frank was a pioneer of the Seeing Eye guide dog movement in the United States."
^Friedman, Roger. "Whitney Houston and Bobby Brown: 'Addicted to Each Other'", Fox News, September 14, 2006. Accessed August 14, 2007. "Houston owns an estate in Mendham, N.J., but it's likely that it's in her name only. Houston's family uses the Mendham home as their headquarters, and Brown is rarely seen there. Whitney bought the Mendham estate in 1987 for about $2.2 million, according to public records, with a $1.4 million mortgage."
^Ragonese, Lawrence. "GOP Gov candidate Merkt finishes running tour of N.J. towns", The Star-Ledger, May 20, 2009. Accessed December 19, 2012. "Rick Merkt has ended his 'run' for governor. The 59-year-old Mendham Township Republican trotted 1.5 miles to the Morristown Green today at lunch hour, finishing a jogging tour that took him to all 566 municipalities in New Jersey in eight months."
^Kocieniewski, David. "Judge Leaving High Court After 20 Years as Unifier", The New York Times, February 26, 1999. Accessed June 14, 2016. "Judge Pollock was born in East Orange and raised in Brookside, back when it had only 1,300 residents and a four-room schoolhouse. He still lives there, although the suburban boom of the last half-century has expanded Brookside and made it one of wealthiest communities in central New Jersey."
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